The Astonishing Tale of Homo naledi-as told by Dr. Lee Berger, Dr. Agustin Fuentes, and Dr. John Hawks-Into the Darkness of Rising Star

I had a wonderful time the other day with the Cambridge University Biological Anthropology Society when we hosted Professors Lee Berger, John Hawks, and Agustin Fuentes. I hope you learn so much just like I did and have a great time enjoying this debate amongst intellectual giants! 

From the President of CUBAS:

The Rising Star cave system presents an unparalleled skeletal record of a nonhuman hominin species in the time and place most archaeologists thought that modern humans evolved. This paradox raises many questions about the nature of this species and our own and

possible interactions. We have come together to examine our understanding of the human niche and to share some of the insights from our more recent work in this cave system that may lead to a greater sense of the place of Homo naledi within our more excellent knowledge of hominins, and human, evolution.

In the Endless Forms Seminar Series, Professors Lee Berger, John Hawks, and Agustin Fuentes pose

thought-provoking questions about paleoanthropology, Homo naledi, exploration, open science, and taxonomy each other, showing that colleagues aren’t always in agreement when it comes to theory. The professors then take the time to engage with the next generation of researchers.

The CamBioAnthSoc thanks you for your interest and support.”

Here I will make it simple and easy for anyone to understand what is being discussed. This way, anyone, regardless of background, can enjoy and learn from this fantastic opportunity. 

Once again, on behalf of the Cambridge University Biological Anthropology Society’s Committee, I would like to thank everyone who RSVPd, especially the esteemed professors, for giving us so much great information to digest. 

So let’s dig right in! 

This was not the regular lecture type that we would typically host; this was not a presentation but a debate between three massive brains in the field on the aspects surrounding a new mysterious species of Hominin, Homo naledi. We are joined by Dr. Lee Berger, the team leader in charge of everything naledi related. He was the team leader on the discovery and has made many more discoveries since surrounding this new hominin. There is so much to tell about Homo naledi to do it justice, and we would need an entire other section dedicated to them, which we may bring along at some point. But for now, I would refer you to other resources to learn the essential details and the fantastic discovery tale behind this new species. 

We are joined by Dr. John Hawks, who has been a second in command regarding the naledi expedition. But far more than that, Dr. Hawks is a biological anthropologist who knows and is well-known all over the field. It is rare to see a Human Origins documentary without him in it. He’s not all flash and hard work to back up. 

Finally but not least, we have Dr. Augustin Fuentes, who is a biological anthropologist but also a behavioralist and has done a tremendous amount of work with living primates. These three teams give us insights into who and what Homo naledi possibly was, but perhaps even more what naledi was not. 

The three of them go on to debate specific points. We learned a lot about the cranial morphology or the shape and size of the skull of this new species; we heard about what it means to be human and whether or not naledi was on or was close to that path. You may be surprised by what you hear. 

But mostly, there is a sense of upcoming excitement that you can tell is barely contained by Lee and his companions, something big is on the horizon that will change what it means to be Human all over again, and be sure we will be there to cover the news! 

Until next time! 

Seth Chai 

Homo naledi the Astonishing Tale with Three Outstanding Professors

*Premiering at 5pm Pacific on the World of Paleoanthropology YouTube Channel; look for it earlier here:

I had a wonderful time this morning with the Cambridge University Biological Anthropology Society when we hosted Professors Lee Berger, John Hawks, and Agustin Fuentes; here is a description written by the student president:

I hope you learn so much just like I did and have a great time enjoying this debate amongst intellectual giants! 

https://youtu.be/uSoko59EGRo

The Rising Star cave system presents an unparalleled skeletal record of a nonhuman hominin species in exactly the time and place most archaeologists thought that modern humans evolved. This paradox raises many questions about the nature of this species and our own, and our possible interactions. We have come together to examine our understanding of the human niche and to share some of the insights from our more recent work in this cave system that may lead to greater understanding of the place of Homo naledi within our greater understanding of hominin, and human, evolution.


In the Endless Forms Seminar Series, Professors Lee Berger, John Hawks, and Agustin Fuentes take turns posing thought provoking questions about paleoanthropology, Homo naledi, exploration, open science, and taxonomy to each other, showing that colleagues aren’t always in agreement when it comes to theory. The professors then take the time to engage with the next generation of researchers.

The CamBioAnthSoc thanks you for your interest and support, and we look forward to seeing you here again!

A New Lineage of Oligocene Anthropoid? Seminar with Erik Seiffert!

Check out this new article I wrote for the Cambridge University Biological Anthropology Society about their first seminar! Unfortunately, we had issues and couldn’t record it (seminar 2 is being uploaded to view right now) I did an excellent write-up for you to know what happened.

So please head on over to their website, and take a read! It was a great seminar!

Find it here.

A Neanderthal Family Discovered! 

View on Academia:

There is so much about the past that we do not know, but every day, we learn more. Shining lights on dark places where no modern human has been. Many of us have heard of Neanderthals, and I am sure that many of us still have a grave misunderstanding of these humanoids. Neanderthals were not the brutish imbeciles as they are so often portrayed in popular culture, but intelligent survivors who were on this planet far longer than we have. While it is true they died out as a morphological species; their DNA lives on in us, around 2-4% of all non-Africans. Then, of course, there is the mysterious group of people we know nearly nothing about, the Denisovans. Still, they do not come into this story, at least not in the current research. 

Today we will be talking about the genetic evidence that was collected from 17 different individuals found within two other caves just 100km from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Chagyrskaya and Okladnikov Caves have been rich archaeological sites over the past 14 years. But today, published in Nature by Lauris Skov et al., we have the first genetic evidence of a Neanderthal family. This extraordinary evidence will lead to many insights into how Neanderthals lived, gathered socially, spread out from their localities, and so much more. So let’s dig in! (Pun intended). 

So what was found? Between the Chagyrskaya and Okladnikov Caves, 17 individuals were found, seven men, six women, and five children. All of them, in some way or another related to each other. Either biologically or socially. This is astonishing as this is the first time we have seen so many Neanderthals together, at the same time, living in the same place. We can tell from the remains that they lived and died around the same time, proving they were all together. Now we know they were related because of something called Heteroplasmy, which is “Having two or more mitochondrial DNA sources within a person, cell, or mitochondrion.” So what this means is that we can tell who is someone’s mother or father. It is about telling who is related to whom. And while, of course, not everyone was related to everyone else, we could also tell how groups of Neanderthals migrated with each other. 

The transfer of mitochondrial DNA shows that in Neanderthal groups, at least this one, which seemed to be more European cultured, vs. Eastern Neanderthals despite their location, is that females are the ones who travel between groups. Knowing this is such an essential piece of information that we could never have known for sure. But now we do. Another thing that we could tell from the DNA is that this population, which was around 54,000 years ago (late for Neanderthals who went extinct about 40-45kya), was that we could see a lack of diversity in the DNA and the genome. Meaning that they were indeed on the brink of extinction already at this time and location. Knowing their end was near, we can see this clearly in the DNA. This gives us insights into what happened to the Neanderthals and why only some of their DNA exists in us today, rather than them walking the Earth themselves. This an intrepid question that only more research will uncover. With the arrival of modern humans in France already by 55kya, we know that they coexisted for tens of thousands of years; could our interactions have led to their end? We may never know, but it is fun to speculate. But one myth I will shoot down right now, we did not go to war with the Neanderthals; there is no evidence of it or violence of that type for many thousand years. 

This new paper has uncovered a great deal for us about the lives of Neanderthals, whom they lived with, how they integrated with different groups, and possibly why their end came within the next ten thousand years. The Neanderthals will remain a massive enigma among us. We will always be drawn to the curiosity of who they were, our ancestral cousins that no longer walk the Earth. But each day, we learn more and more to make the picture more complete. Stay tuned for the following updates out of the world of paleoanthropology! 

Check out this interview I did with the author of “Kindred” Dr. Rebecca Wragg Sykes where we talk all about the daily lives of Neanderthals!

Who, or What, was “Dragon Man”?

The mysterious skull of the now well-known “Dragon Man” was discovered in China in the 1930s and hidden in a well until it was rediscovered and shown to scientists in 2018. 

There is so much mystery and so many things that we need to learn about this skull, and we are just beginning. 

Could it be a possible Denisovan? Or something else entirely? 

Catch this week’s episode of and you will find out quite a bit about “Dragon Man”, and if you want more, check out the in depth interview I did with Dr. Chris Stringer, where you will actually be able to see a cast of the skull being manipulated and looked at. 

You can find that here: https://youtu.be/juwiMSq8ifQ

Remember, there is always more to learn! 

Be sure to check out my other videos and content to learn all about the story of our shared Human Origins! 

Music by Rise Against 

Congratulations to Dr. Svante Paabo!

*First Posted on the Cambridge University’s Biological Anthropology Society by Seth Chagi”

Born to who would become a Nobel PrizeImage Winner for Physiology and Medicine in 1955, in Stockholm, Sweden, Svante Paabo would live a life filled with scientific excellence. Excellence has touched every aspect of the work, teams, and projects that he has been involved with.

Doing most of his studies, and graduating from the University of Uppsala, Sweden, Dr. Paabo would go on to work for various consortiums and organizations, bringing his expertise with him wherever he went; currently, and for a reasonable amount of time now, the Director of Evolutionary Sciences at the Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Studies, we are all very excited and proud for Svante that he has been named the 2022 Physiology and Medicine Nobel Prize winner.

If it has ever occurred, it is not often that a paleontologist has won a Nobel prize. There is not even an appropriate category for his work, so he has won the award for Medicine and Physiology as his father did. A fact that has only happened eight times in all of Nobel history.

Possibly what Dr. Paabo is known best for is the discovery of the Neanderthal genome and the presence of ancient DNA. Opening up a whole new world of molecular studies into early hominins has led to significant insights into modern-day medicine.

We have learned much from Dr. Paabo’s labs about ourselves and our closest relatives, the Neanderthals. Even more than this, Svante is the first paleontologist to discover a new hominin species entirely from DNA and near no fossil evidence, the Denisovans. There are not enough fossils to declare it a separate species, but we have been able to map out their genome, telling us so much about this enigmatic species.

I could go on about the outstanding achievements of this man, and for good measure, you should look into some of the other papers and work that he has done, for there is just so much. What this means for science and the paleontological community is staggering. It forwards our place in the fields and will hopefully lead to the inspiration of so many more.

While I have not had the pleasure of talking to Dr. Paabo yet, I plan to get him on my web show, “The Story of Us,” at some point or another. I look forward to it, for I hear a humble, fun, and inspiring individual.

Congratulations to Dr. Paabo and all of the fantastic work he has done and is yet to do.

The Human Family Tree?

PREMIERING AT 6PM PACIFIC

*Sorry this one is only in 720p, I will not be using Zoom again for this*


If anyone does have recording software recommendations, I would most appreciate it. In this episode of Paleofridays, we will discuss the terms “Family Tree” and “Braided Stream” and why one is more appropriate for human evolution than the other.

Keeping up to date with the newest terminology in the field can be difficult, so check out this video to ensure you’re at the forefront and know what is being talked about! In part II, which will air next week, we will closely examine examples of species along our evolutionary line using my 3D printed collection.

It’s going to be a great episode! Be sure to like, subscribe, and share if you learned something new today!


Link to Cambridge University Biological Anthropology Society Youtube:

HUMAN-A film by Yanns Arthus-Bertrand

Once in a great while, you will come across a piece of art that utterly overcomes you. It throws you into a tumultuous ocean of emotion, rising and falling with the strokes of the painting or the notes of the song. As far as we understand it, as modern humans and have an unprecedented capacity for understanding, appreciating, and creating art. As we all know, art comes in many forms, from the ancient cave paintings at Chauvet, the works of Leonardo DaVinci, and the film that I would like to introduce to you today; HUMAN by Yanns Arthus-Bertrand.

Youtube Link

If the human condition, in all that it entails, interests you, this is not a documentary piece you will want to miss. Continue to read on as we explore why this is one of the more beautiful and moving pieces of art that I have personally had the privilege of experiencing. 

Besides the beautiful aerial b-roll, there is no fanciful camera work in this documentary, just you, face to face with another human. One from anywhere in the world, they are set against a black background, with no identifying features as to who they are or where they come from. This is done so that all people can be viewed in an equal and unbiased way by the viewers; beyond this purpose, I think it allows the viewer to be more engaged with the person on screen. There is nothing to distract you from the words on the screen (each person speaks in their native language, so CC is required). The music this documentary is set to, composed by Armand Amar, sets a somber, calming tone.

As we hear from these dozens of individuals, for that is the entirety of this documentary series, hearing the first-hand accounts of these individuals, we hear just what it means to be human. We hear our stories about The pain and love, the loss and happiness we feel daily and weekly. We see that they are dealing with the same problems, no matter how different they look, where they may be from in the world, or how different their language is. They have the same emotions, and they have the exact wants, fears, and goals. 

While each person’s specific scenario is unique, and we hear tales of significant loss and sadness in stories that inspire us to do great things, this documentary covers it all in a way that conveys the human spirit so eloquently that the three hours pass by without a thought. 

Many people today may feel that they understand how other people view things, how life is in other parts of the world, or how difficult they may believe their lives are. This film shows the wide range of human behavior, thought, and emotion. While our goals may be shared, how we humans achieve them depends on where we are on this earth and, for better or worse, who we are and are born to. 

This is not a happy series; it is not a film to watch to see the happy ending. This is the film to watch for reality. For the hard truths in life that make the human condition the challenge and beauty it is. If you take anything away from this film, take away that you should be proud to be who you are, that you should be proud to be a human, that you work as hard as you can, you do the best that you can, you belong, and no matter who you are, there are others in this world with similar struggles as you. 

Some of you may find this film boring or even hard to watch, but I promise that there is a takeaway in the end, and you will better understand who you are and your place in this world after viewing it. Please, take my word for it and watch this documentary. It has been made entirely accessible for viewing worldwide on their YouTube Channel found here

Let me know what you think, and if you agree with my impression that this is a vital film for as many people to see as possible. So please, share amongst your circles. I know it is long, and some of the stories are hard to listen to, but we need to open our minds to how other people live and maybe, just maybe, take a good long look at ourselves, our lives, and the way we live.

Seth

Hominin vs. Hominid-Are they the same?

Join me on this week’s episode of PaleoFridays at 2pm PST!

Set your reminders!

Lee Berger’s Article: https://worldofpaleoanthropology.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/document.pdf

“So, what’s in a name? The classification debate is not just a debate for the purist; it cuts to the core of our understanding of humanity’s place in nature and our evolutionary relationships with our closest living relatives. All hominins are hominids, but not all hominids are hominins.”

What is a Hominin? What is a Hominid? 

Are they the same thing? In this week’s episode, we will be discussing just what these two taxonomical terms are, why they are essential, and why they get mixed up. 

Hopefully, by the end of this video, you will have a better understanding of the two terms and why they may not be interchangeable. 

I will admit I did have a little trouble with this video, so if it’s not the most informative, let me know, and I will remake it! 

Thanks! 

Who Made the Oldest Stone Tools?-PaleoFridays

Welcome to this episode of ! Sorry for the late episode, but accidents do happen! 

Immobilized and feeling much better right now, thank you all for the concern and well wishes, next time I wont trip and fall! 

On this week’s episode we will be discussing the oldest known stone tool complex thus far known. For decades many believed that the Oldowan Tool Complex was the first lithics to be made, and while they are quite old, and prolific, they may not be the first. 

In 2011, a team led by Sonia Harmand and Jason Lewis from Stony Brook University, discovered what seems to be like stones altered by humanoid hands, dating back to an amazing date, far older than the Oldowan tools. 

But what could they be, and who made them?

Learn all about the oldest stone tools on this episode of Paleofridays! 

You an also learn more here: https://worldofpaleoanthropology.org/2022/06/09/the-earliest-stone-tools-not-oldowan/

Please enjoy, and do not forget, if you learned something, leave a like, and subscribe for more!